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Introduction The international legal framework governing submarine cables is primarily derived from the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Under Articles 113 to 115, States are required to adopt domestic legislation criminalising the breaking or injury of submarine cables, whether intentionally or through negligence, and to impose liability for resulting damage. […]

Ships travel globally. Judicial certainty often does not. The United Nations Convention on the International Effects of Judicial Sales of Ships (2022), better known as the Beijing Convention was finalised by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and entered into force on 17 February 2026. The aim is to fix a problem

Update: Merchant Shipping Bill Withdrawn to Allow Nedlac Consultation During the week of 13 October 2025, Cabinet announced that the Merchant Shipping Bill, 2023 has been withdrawn from Parliament to enable the Department of Transport (DoT) to finalise consultations with the National Economic Development and Labour Council (Nedlac). The Bill, first introduced to Parliament in

Legal Clarity in the Hake Inshore Trawl Sector: The Minister Issues an Addendum to the Appeals GPR On 8 October 2024, the Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment signed the General Published Reasons for Decisions on Section 4 for Category B Entities in the Hake Inshore Trawl (HIT) Sector. This document followed the judgment

On 22 August 2025 the Minister of  Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment (the minister) promulgated regulations in terms of the Marine Living Resources Act (MLRA) regulating the entry of foreign fishing vessels  into South African (SA) waters. These regulations were much needed and now provide clarity where  previously there was a lacuna in our fisheries’